{"id":13702,"date":"2025-10-30T16:49:09","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T13:49:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/?p=13702"},"modified":"2025-10-30T16:49:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T13:49:09","slug":"orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/id\/orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi\/","title":{"rendered":"Orang Yahudi, Yudaisme, dan Dunia Yunani-Romawi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Banyak penulis Yunani-Romawi tidak senang dengan keberhasilan besar kegiatan peralihan \u00a0orang-orang non-Yahudi ke dalam Yudaisme di Kekaisaran Romawi. Berikut beberapa contohnya: <em>Decimus Lunius Luvenalis<\/em>, yang dikenal sebagai <em>Juvenal<\/em> (akhir abad ke-1 hingga awal abad ke-2 M), adalah seorang penyair satiris dan guru Romawi yang menggambarkan kehidupan di Roma di bawah pemerintahan beberapa kaisar. Ia menulis:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cSeorang ayah tidur lebih lama setiap hari ketujuh, menghindari makan daging babi; dan hal berikut yang terjadi adalah anak-anaknya disunat, menaati hukum-hukum Musa, dan mengabaikan hukum-hukum Roma.\u201d <em>(Juvenal, Satires 14.96\u2013106)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Penulis teks ini memahami bahwa Hari Sabat, yang tampaknya ditaati oleh penyembah Allah di Roma, merupakan awal dari jalan yang lancar yang mengarah pada pertobatan penuh menjadi proselit, di mana, pada akhirnya, warga negara Romawi yang taat hukum akan mengadopsi ritual orang Yahudi dan mengklaim pengecualian dan perlindungan dari hukum Romawi.<\/p>\n<p>Publius Cornelius Tacitus, yang biasa disebut Tacitus (56\u2013117 M), adalah seorang senator, sejarawan, dan orator Kekaisaran Romawi. Dua karya terkenalnya yang masih bertahan adalah <em>Annals<\/em> dan <em>Histories<\/em>. Ia menulis tentang orang-orang yang beralih ke cara hidup orang Yahudi:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201c\u2026mereka meninggalkan kebiasaan nenek moyang mereka. Mereka menolak ilah mereka sendiri, tanah air mereka sendiri, dan bahkan keluarga mereka sendiri.\u201d<br \/>\n<em>(Tacitus, History 5:1\u20132)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Celsus, seorang filsuf Helenistik abad ke-2 M, dikenal sebagai penentang para pengikut Kristus mula-mula. Kata-katanya dicatat oleh Origen, seorang Bapa Gereja, dalam karya apologetiknya yang menentang retorika Celsus. Di sana tertulis:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cJika orang Yahudi tetap memegang hukum mereka sendiri, kita tidak akan menyalahkan mereka, melainkan mereka yang telah meninggalkan tradisi mereka sendiri dan malah memeluk tradisi orang Yahudi.\u201d <em>(Origen, Contra Celsum 5.41)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lucius Annaeus Seneca, atau Seneca Muda, adalah seorang filsuf Stoa Romawi, negarawan, dramawan, dan humoris. Berbicara tentang orang Yahudi, ia berkata:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cSementara itu, adat-istiadat bangsa terkutuk ini telah memperoleh pengaruh yang sedemikian besar sehingga kini diterima di seluruh dunia. Mereka yang ditaklukkan malah memberikan hukum kepada para penakluk mereka.\u201d <em>(Seneca, dikutip oleh Augustine, City of God, sekitar 5 SM \u2013 65 M)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dalam dunia kuno, peralihan dianggap sebagai pengalaman meninggalkan identitas keagamaan dan etnis seseorang secara radikal. Namun, hal itu jelas bukan pengalaman Paulus. Paulus tidak meninggalkan Yudaisme, melainkan \u201cberalih\u201d dari satu bentuk Yudaisme ke bentuk Yudaisme lainnya\u2014dari satu cara di dalam Yudaisme ke cara Yudaisme yang lain: Yudaisme yang berpusat pada Yesus dan bersifat apokaliptik. Ia tetap seorang Farisi Yahudi, yang diselamatkan oleh kasih karunia Allah Israel, dan dipanggil untuk melayani-Nya secara unik sebagai alat Allah di tengah bangsa Israel dan bangsa-bangsa non-Yahudi. Oleh karena itu, dengan memahami konsep-konsep dasar ini, kita perlu menerjemahkan ulang dan membaca ulang tulisan-tulisan Rasul Paulus di zaman kita sendiri. Penulis percaya bahwa bab terakhir dari pemahaman Kristen tentang sosok besar Yahudi ini belum ditulis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Banyak penulis Yunani-Romawi tidak senang dengan keberhasilan besar kegiatan peralihan \u00a0orang-orang non-Yahudi ke dalam Yudaisme di Kekaisaran Romawi. Berikut beberapa contohnya: Decimus Lunius Luvenalis, yang dikenal sebagai Juvenal (akhir abad ke-1 hingga awal abad ke-2 M), adalah seorang penyair satiris dan guru Romawi yang menggambarkan kehidupan di Roma di bawah pemerintahan beberapa kaisar. Ia menulis: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":179,"featured_media":9686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[415],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-13702","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-apostle-paul-id"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.3 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Orang Yahudi, Yudaisme, dan Dunia Yunani-Romawi - Jewish Studies for Christians<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/id\/orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/id\/orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tammy Yu\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/#\/schema\/person\/65967c618c60ee1a00a667e58a9bf13b\"},\"headline\":\"Orang Yahudi, Yudaisme, dan Dunia Yunani-Romawi\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-30T13:49:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/id\/orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi\/\"},\"wordCount\":440,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/#\/schema\/person\/60f4a0c10ba754b71c7dc2ab8234ec98\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/id\/orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/u7423123591_Greek_world_-ar_7758_-motion_low_-video_1_f2ec841a-dcee-427e-8aaf-1e2766e951ae_0.gif\",\"articleSection\":[\"Rasul Paulus\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/id\/orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/id\/orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/drelisblog.com\/id\/orang-yahudi-yudaisme-dan-dunia-yunani-romawi\/\",\"name\":\"Orang Yahudi, Yudaisme, dan Dunia Yunani-Romawi - 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